As the cold weather sets in, health problems can become more serious – especially for elderly people.
By now, your elderly friend or relative should have had their free flu jab. But another of the most serious conditions affecting elderly people through the winter is pneumonia. Although pneumonia can affect people at any time of the year, it is especially common in the winter months.
Here’s what you need to know about pneumonia, including how to prevent it.
What is pneumonia?
To know how to prevent pneumonia, you first need to know what it is. Pneumonia is an infection that can be caused by viruses and bacteria. Bacterial pneumonia tends to be both more common and more severe than viral pneumonia, and is more likely to result in a hospital stay.
Pneumococcal infection is the most common cause, and this is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria.
Although pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria or viruses, it can also be caused by fungi, though this is less common.
It affects the lungs (either one or both), and causes inflammation in the alveoli, which can make it harder to breathe. In most cases, pneumonia can be successfully treated with a course of antibiotics (often administered intravenously), fluids and oxygen if needed. However, if left untreated or in severe cases where individuals already have ongoing complex health conditions, pneumonia can cause other health implications including respiratory failure, sepsis, organ failure and bleeding problems.
According to the NHS, it affects about 8 in every 1,000 adults each year.
Like many infections, pneumonia can be more serious in older people. Anyone over 65 is more at risk, making it essential to take precautions.
Who is at risk?
Certain groups are more vulnerable to pneumonia, particularly the elderly. People over the age of 65 are at higher risk due to weaker immune systems and pre-existing health conditions.
Additionally, those with chronic illnesses like asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or COPD are more susceptible. Smokers, people with weakened immune systems (due to chemotherapy or organ transplants), and individuals who have recently had a cold or flu are also at greater risk. Taking preventive steps is crucial for these groups to avoid serious complications.
Spotting the symptoms
Recognising pneumonia early can make a significant difference, especially for elderly individuals. Symptoms to watch for include:
- Persistent cough: Often producing mucus that may be yellow, green, or even blood-tinged.
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing, even while resting.
- Chest pain: Sharp or stabbing pain, particularly when coughing or breathing deeply.
- Fever and chills: Accompanied by sweating and shivering.
- Fatigue: Extreme tiredness and weakness.
- Confusion: In older adults, confusion or delirium can also be a key sign.
Pneumonia can be a life-threatening condition, particularly to vulnerable adults like the elderly. But as many of the symptoms of pneumonia are similar to the symptoms of common colds or the flu, it can be hard to know whether your loved one has pneumonia or not.
As a result, it is best to seek medical advice if your elderly loved one is experiencing any of these symptoms. A doctor will be able to provide a diagnosis and ensure that the right treatment plan is put in place.
Steps to prevent pneumonia in the elderly
Preventing pneumonia in the elderly requires proactive measures to reduce the risk of infection and maintain overall health. Here are some essential steps to help protect your elderly loved ones from pneumonia:
Practice good hygiene
Maintaining good hygiene is crucial to prevent pneumonia. Encourage regular hand washing, use of hand sanitisers, and avoiding face-touching with unclean hands to reduce the spread of infection.
Get the flu jab
The flu can lead to pneumonia, so getting the flu vaccine is essential. Ensure your elderly loved one receives their free flu jab from a GP or pharmacy.
Consider a pneumococcal vaccine
The pneumococcal vaccine provides extra protection. Although not 100% effective, it can reduce the severity of pneumonia and its complications.
Focus on overall health
A healthy diet, regular exercise, and fresh air help keep the immune system strong and reduce the risk of pneumonia.
Quit smoking
Smoking significantly increases the risk of pneumonia. If your elderly relative smokes, helping them quit can greatly reduce their chances of developing the illness.
See your GP if you are worried
If your elderly relative seems to be suffering from any symptoms that could indicate they have pneumonia, accompany them to see their GP because they may need to take antibiotics. If they are suffering from any more severe symptoms such as confusion, chest pain or fast breathing, go straight to the hospital.
Call us on 0808 239 1525 and our friendly care experts will discuss your care and support needs. You can also fill out our online enquiry form or email info@prestige-nursing.co.uk. We provide impartial guidance and advice so you make the right choice for you and your family.
